Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging of human tissues and tumors using t-CyCIF and conventional optical microscopes

Lin JR, Izar B, Wang S, Yapp C, Mei S, Shah P, Santagata S, Sorger PK.

eLife. 2018 Jul 11;7:e31657. PMID: 29993362

The architecture of normal and diseased tissues strongly influences the development and progression of disease as well as responsiveness and resistance to therapy. We describe a tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) method for highly multiplexed immuno-fluorescence imaging of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens mounted on glass slides, the most widely used specimens for histopathological diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. t-CyCIF generates up to 60-plex images using an iterative process (a cycle) in which conventional low-plex fluorescence images are repeatedly collected from the same sample and then assembled into a high-dimensional representation. t-CyCIF requires no specialized instruments or reagents and is compatible with super-resolution imaging; we demonstrate its application to quantifying signal transduction cascades, tumor antigens and immune markers in diverse tissues and tumors. The simplicity and adaptability of t-CyCIF makes it an effective method for pre-clinical and clinical research and a natural complement to single-cell genomics.

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Molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma (Figure 11 and 12)
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and adjacent normal tissue (Figure 7)

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CyCIF of TMA with normal and tumor tissue (Figure 10)
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Metastatic melanoma lesion and adjacent benign tissue (Figure 2)